Band keratopathy is a corneal disease derived from the appearance of calcium on the central cornea. This is an example of metastatic calcification, which by definition, occurs in the presence of hypercalcemia.[ eMedicine]
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of band keratopathy include eye
pain and decreased
visual acuity.
Causes
Band keratopathy has several causes. These causes include
uveitis, interstitial keratitis, superficial keratitis,
Phthisis bulbi,
sarcoidosis, trauma, intraocular silicone oil, systemic diseases (
hypercalcemia, vitamin D intoxication, Fanconi's Syndrome,
hypophosphatemia,
gout, milk-alkali syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, and chronic mercury exposure).
Pathology
Band keratopathy is seen when there is
calcification of the
basement membrane, Bowman's layer, and the anterior stroma with destruction of Bowman's layer. The calcium salts are intracellular when the process is due to alteration of systemic calcium metabolism, whereas they are extracellular when due to local disease.
Diagnosis
Band keratopathy is diagnosed by
slit lamp examination of the eye.
Treatment
Treatment is indicated if vision is threatened or if the eye is uncomfortable. It is important to recognize and treat any underlying condition. Improvement of vision may be obtained by scraping off the opacity. Topical disodium
EDTA can be used as a
Chelation.
It can also be removed with the excimer laser (phototherapeutic keratectomy). Other modalities include diamond burr and lamellar keratoplasty.
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